| Sample Number Lab Number* |
13C/12C Ratio | 14C Age (yr B.P.)† | 95% HPDF Calendar Age Range (cal B.P.) ‡ | 95% HPDF Range for Calibrated Calendar Age (A.D./B.C.)‡ | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardwick | |||||
| HWK T4a-C2 NZA 50181 |
−26.4 ± 0.1 | 4659 ± 24 | 5465–5146 | 3516–3197 B.C. | HWK 4a trench Small piece of wood from 1.86 m depth. |
| HWK T5-C1 NZA 50177 |
−24.5 ± 0.1 | 628 ± 18 | 632–545 | A.D. 1318–1405 | HWK 5 trench Pieces of reed from the bottom sedge in unit 7bOh1. |
| HWK T6-C5 NZA 50335 |
−24.5 ± 0.1 | 2004 ± 18 | 1997–1841 | 48 B.C.–A.D. 109 | HWK 6E trench Charcoal from paleosol, unit 6bA. |
| HWK T6-C6 NZA 50179 |
−23.9 ± 0.1 | 1133 ± 18 | 1058–935 | A.D. 893–1015 | HWK 6E trench Large piece of wood from L2 (maximum age for paleosand blow). |
| HWK T6-C7 NZA 50176 |
−25.8 ± 0.1 | 668 ± 18 | 650–556 | A.D. 1300–1395 | HWK 6E trench Clods of peat from unit 5Cg above L2 (minimum age for paleosand blow). |
| HWK T6-C10 NZA 50336 |
−25.2 ± 0.1 | 641 ± 20 | 639–546 | A.D. 1311–1404 | HWK 6E trench Large piece of wood, burned. Tree in growth position, growing on unit 6bA. |
| HWK T6-C12 NZA 50180 |
−24.6 ± 0.1 | 721 ± 18 | 66–567 | A.D. 1282–1383 | HWK 6W trench Medium piece of wood (in growth position? rooted in unit 6bA but extended into unit 5Cg above; tree may have survived paleoearthquake). |
| HWK T6-C14 NZA 50371 |
−24.7 ± 0.1 | 641 ± 19 | 636–547 | A.D. 1314–1404 | HWK 6E trench Wood from horizontal tree likely previously rooted in unit 6bA; first dark brown ring. |
| HWK 6-C1-T2-S1 | −25.53 | 2932 ± 20 | 3144–2925 | B.C. 1195–976 | HWK 6-1 core Sedge and grass fragments. 2.91 m deep from top of the core (51 cm along tube 2; 3.9 m below surface). |
| HWK 6-C2-T2-S1 | −28.12 | 398 ± 17 | 493–237 | A.D. 1457–1624 | HWK 6-2 core Plant material (roots at the base). 2.17 deep from top of the core (70 cm along tube 2; 3.6 m below surface). |
| Marchand | |||||
| MAR T1-C2b NZA 50175 |
−27.9 ± 0.1 | 263 ± 17 | 310–153 | A.D. 1640–1798 | MAR 1E trench Peat with root and pieces of wood; dated reed material; from 2.7 m below surface (initial deeper excavation). |
| MAR T1-C6 NZA 50178 |
−25.2 ± 0.1 | 861 ± 18 | 763–682 | A.D. 1187–1268 | MAR 1E trench Lumps of sediment with embedded fragments of charcoal; dated charcoal fragments; from unit 4Cg (~1.30 m deep). |
| MAR 1-C1-T2-S1 NZA 54014 |
−26.6 | 1009 ± 18 | 926–802 | A.D. 1024–1148 | MAR 1 core Wood. 1.82 deep from top of the core (19 cm along tube 2; 2.9 m below surface). |
| MAR T3-C1 NZA 50334 |
−24.7 ± 0.1 | 1038 ± 20 | 956–809 | A.D. 995–1141 | MAR 3 trench. Tiny fragments of charcoal from unit C(g) (sand hosting paleoliquefaction). |
| MAR T3-C2 NZA 50670 |
−32.5 ± 0.1 | 8872 ± 72 | 10,179–9631 | 8230–7682 B.C. | MAR 3 trench. Unit L2 (paleoliquefaction dike). |
| MAR 4-C1-T1-S1 NZA 54015 |
−26.6 | 709 ± 19 | 665–564 | A.D. 1286–1386 | MAR 4 core. Plant material. 1.77 m below surface (BS; 44 cm along tube 1). |
| MAR 4-C1-T2-S1 NZA 54016 |
−29.4 | 1918 ± 20 | 1877–1745 | A.D. 73–206 | MAR 4 core. Plant material. 3.06 m BS (73 cm along tube 2). |
* NZA, New Zealand radiocarbon number.
† Conventional radiocarbon ages in years B.P. or before present (1950) determined by NZA.
‡ HPDF, highest probability density function. Calibrated age ranges as determined using OxCal v.4.2.4 (Bronk Ramsey, 2009) and southern hemisphere atmospheric data from Hogg et al. (2013). Ranges represent two standard deviation statistics or 95% probability.
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