Electronic Supplement to
Liquefaction Features Produced by the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence in Southwest Christchurch, New Zealand, and Preliminary Assessment of Paleoliquefaction Features

by P. Villamor, P. Almond, M. P. Tuttle, M. Giona-Bucci, R. M. Langridge, K. Clark, W. Ries, S. H. Bastin, A. Eger, M. Vandergoes, M. C. Quigley, P. Barker, F. Martin, and J. Howarth

Table S3. Hardwick Site: HWK 3 Trench Unit Descriptions

Depth (cm) Unit Name Description* Notes
0–19 C 2.5Y5/2 (grayish brown), very fine sand, loose sharp convoluted lower contact Liquefaction deposits–sand blow
19–37 Ah 10YR 3/2 (very dark grayish brown), peaty sandy loam, friable; soil—weak coarse blocky structure, fibrous in places with meter high organic matter content, abrupt, smooth (wavy in places) lower boundary
37–49 2C(f) 2.5Y6/2 (light brownish gray) to 7.5YR 5/8 (strong brown), color ranges from 80/20% to 50/50% in different parts of unit; very fine sand, loose, millimeter-scale laminae, small concentrations of silt along laminae, sharp smooth wavy boundary
49–84 3C 2.5Y 5/1 (gray) with common coarse faint 2.5 Y6/3 (brownish gray) mottles, loamy very fine sand sharp wavy lower contact, friable; soil—massive, centimeter-scale beds of millimeter-scale laminae of organic-rich material (laminae get truncated toward middle of trench by overlying sand unit), sharp wavy boundary Detritus seems deposited in flowing water; soft sediment deformation apparent in units 3C and 4O/Cg; flame structures originated in 4O/Cg and continues into 3C
84–112 4O/Cg 2.5Y5/2 (grayish brown) with common distinct 7.5 YR 4/6 (strong brown) linear mottles vertically aligned (following root voids), mottles become semicontinuous across lower contact, very fine sand to loamy very fine sand to peaty loamy fine sand; structure—millimeter-to-centimeter scale laminations of peat (10YR 4/1—dark gray) toward the base organic horizon thicken to 5 cm containing wood, detrital organic matter, sharp wavy, and erosional lower contact
112–130+ 4Cr 2.5Y5/1 (gray) with common coarse prominent 7.5YR4/6 (strong brown) mottles vertically aligned oriented around root voids, loamy silt, slightly plastic nonsticky, slightly firm; soil—moderate medium prismatic structure, 2–10 mm pieces of detrital charcoal; contains a lens, 4Cr (organic), of more 7.5 YR 4/1 (dark gray) humic loamy silt, clear broken lower boundary 4Cr (organic) is located between 2.2 and 2.8 m vertical on east wall
C′2 2.5 Y 4/2 (dark grayish brown), fine medium sand, loose massive, sharp wavy contact Liquefaction deposits–sill
C′1 2.5 Y 4/2 (dark grayish brown), fine sand grading upward to 2.5 Y 6/3 (yellowish brown) silt, silt appears as a 2–10-mm thick laminae at upper contact, clear wavy contact Liquefaction deposits–sill

* Soil description at 2.5 m vertical on west wall.

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