Electronic Supplement to
The Effects of Varying Injection Rates in Osage County, Oklahoma, on the 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee Earthquake

by Andrew J. Barbour, Jack H. Norbeck, and Justin L. Rubinstein

This electronic supplement contains six animations showing the evolution of pore pressure (Animation S1), vertical displacement (Animation S2), and cylindrical tensor strains (Animations S3–S6) in the injection simulation domain; Figure S1 showing the sensitivity of the seismicity rate calculation for a range of input friction and stress parameters; and a set of input commands for running simulation A (see the main article) using poel (v.2012) is given in an ASCII file (Data S1) and injection data for Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-regulated wells in Osage County are given in another ASCII file (Data S2).

Simulation Results

In each animation and figure, the upper frame shows the quantity contoured in depth cross section. Zero radial distance represents the injection well, and zero depth represents the free surface. Horizontal lines show layer boundaries in the model. The lower frame shows the injection rate at each snapshot.

Figure

Figure S1. Sensitivity analysis. Log-peak seismicity rate for simulation A by rate-and-state parameter A and initial effective normal stress σ¯ (see the main article).

Data Files

Data S1 [Plain text data file; ~9 KB]. poel input file. Commands to replication simulation A in the main article using poel (v.2012).

Data S2 [Plain text data file; ~6 KB]. Injection data from EPA-regulated wells in Osage County, within the zone of action established for the Pawnee mainshock.

Animations

Animation S1 [Animated GIF; ~8.1 MB]. Pore pressure in units of pascals. This animation also includes a middle frame showing normalized pore pressure at 6 km depth.

Animation S2 [Animated GIF; ~6.2 MB]. Vertical displacements in units of millimeters.

Animation S3 [Animated GIF; ~6.3 MB]. Cylindrical tensor strains. Ezr—shear strain in the vertical–radial plane. Strains are shown as positive for extension, in dimensionless nanostrain (10−9).

Animation S4 [Animated GIF; ~5.9 MB]. Cylindrical tensor strains. Ezz—vertical strain. Strains are shown as positive for extension, in dimensionless nanostrain (10−9).

Animation S5 [Animated GIF; ~6.4 MB]. Cylindrical tensor strains. Ett—tangential (hoop) strain. Strains are shown as positive for extension, in dimensionless nanostrain (10−9).

Animation S6 [Animated GIF; ~7.0 MB]. Cylindrical tensor strains. Err—radial strain. Strains are shown as positive for extension, in dimensionless nanostrain (10−9).

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