The implementation of a new Tsunami Intensity Scale is proposed since a vast amount of data has been collected from the two mega tsunamis that took place in the Indian Ocean in 2004 and NE Japan in 2011. The newly proposed scale is twelve-grade and it is based on the assessment of a large number of objective criteria that are easily accessible and they are incorporated in six groups. As a result, it does not saturate as 6-grade scales do. More specifically, the estimation of intensity values is taking into account: i) the quantities of the phenomena, ii) the impact directly on humans, iii) the impact on mobile objects, iv) the impact on coastal infrastructure, v) the impact on the environment and vi) the impact on structures. The new scale is compatible with the widely used EMS1998 and ESI2007 scales and has a reliable horizontal correspondence throughout the groups of criteria. It is easily and directly applicable to all environments, and particularly useful for the outlining of microzones of different intensities in any tsunami affected area.It can be implemented in any land use/cover type, such as urban, rural, industrial, touristic, etc while morphologic diversity of affected areas is not an obstacle to application.
Figure S1. Estimation of maximum tsunami water level is approximately 14m (tsunami flow depth approx. 3m), in the area of Khao Lak (Thailand, 2004). Intensity values reached XIITIS-2012in the wider area.
Figure S2. Movement and deposition of cars and trucks due to the tsunami in Japan, 2011 (Ishinomaki). Values of intensity in the specific area of Ishinomaki reached XIITIS-2012.
Figure S3. Movement and deposition of a bus due to the tsunami in Japan, 2011. Values of intensity in the specific area of Ogatsu reached XIIITIS-2012.
Figure S4. Movement and deposition of vessels due to the tsunami in Khao Lak, Thailand, 2004. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XITIS-2012.
Figure S5. Movement and deposition of ships due to the tsunami in Iwate, Japan 2011. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIITIS-2012.
Figure S6. Movement and deposition of ship due to the tsunami in Onagawa, Japan, 2011. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIIITIS-2012.
Figure S7. Intense erosion and damage in coastal works and infrastructures after the tsunami in Ogatsu area (Japan, 2011). Values of intensity in the urban area reached XIIITIS-2012.
Figure S8. Values of intensity in the specific area reached IXITIS-2012 (Iwaki, Japan 2011).
Figure S9. Damage of grade 2 in steel structures in North Iwaki (Japan, 2011). Values of intensity in the specific area reached XITIS-2012.
Figure S10. Damage of grade 3 in steel structures in Ishinomaki (Japan, 2011). Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIITIS-2012.
Figure S11. Damage in steel structures in Onagawa (Japan, 2011), a) damage of grade 4, b, c) damage of grade 5. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIIITIS-2012.
Figure S12. Damage in timber structures in Iwaki (Japan, 2011) a) damage of grade 1 and b) damage of grade 2. Values of intensity in the specific area reached IXITIS-2012.
Figure S13. Damage in timber structures North of Iwaki area (Japan, 2011). Grade of damage 3. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XITIS-2012.
Figure S14. Damage in timber structures (Na Toei, Thailand 2004). Grade of damage 5. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIIITIS-2012.
Figure S15. Damage in timber structures in Onagawa (Japan, 2011). Grade of damage 5. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIIITIS-2012.
Figure S16. Damage in RC structures in Khao Lak (Thailand, 2004). Grade of damage 4. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIITIS-2012.
Figure S17. Damage in RC structures in Tsukihama (Chiba prefecture, Japan, 2011). Grade of damage 5. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIIITIS-2012.
Figure S18. Hachinohe port (Aomori prefecture). Values of intensity in the specific area reached IXITIS-2012.
Figure S19. Satellite images showing urban/commercial zones at Ishinomaki (Miyagi prefecture) before (up) and after (down) the tsunami impact. Values of intensity in the specific area reached VIIIITIS-2012.
Figure S20. Satellite images showing urban/commercial zones at Ishinomaki before (up) and after (down) the tsunami impact. Values of intensity in the specific area reached IXITIS-2012.
Figure S21. Satellite images showing urban/commercial zones at Ishinomaki before (up) and after (down) the tsunami impact. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XITIS-2012.
Figure S22. Satellite images showing urban/commercial zones at Ishinomaki before (up) and after (down) the tsunami impact. Values of intensity in the specific area reached XIITIS-2012. Shoreline erosion is very clear along the coastline, as much as coastal infrastructure destruction and sea intrusion at the small port (bottom right of pictures).
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