Electronic Supplement to
Spatial Variability of "Did You Feel It?" Intensity Data: Insights into Sampling Biases in Historical Earthquake Intensity Distributions

by Susan E. Hough

Table S1. Accounts of the 1843 Marked Tree, Arkansas, Earthquake.

City, State Latitude (°N) Longitude (°W) Summary of Effects Ref; MMI MMI*
Alton, IL 38.900 -90.167 Shock sensibly felt—the vibrations continuing, with considerable severity, for several seconds. H2012; IV V
Anderson, SC 34.500 -82.500 Shock of an earthquake sensibly felt by many of the citizens of our village. H2012; III IV
Augusta, GA 33.483 -82.000 A shock of an earthquake was felt by several of our citizens. It was also felt in Hamburg. SR1/11; II III
Batesville, AR 35.770 -91.641 Our village was visited…with a very severe shock from an earthquake, producing considerable alarm to the inhabitants. There were two distinct shocks, but following each other so close as to barely be perceptible. Bottles were thrown from the shelves and a chimney in part knocked down. H2012; V-VI VI
Belleville, IL 38.517 -89.967 At Belleville IL it made havoc among the bottles. H2012; V VI
Benton, MO 37.100 -89.567 The earthquake on the 4th inst. was felt with peculiar violence at Benton, Missouri, where it shook the town about half past nine in the evening.

About the hour above attended to, a trembling of the earth, preceded by a rumbling noise like that of distant artillery, was succeeded by a rocking sufficient to jar the doors and windows and shake the houses, as was evident by the consternation of many who witnessed the effects of the earthquake.
H2012; IV IV
Boston, MA 42.333 -71.083 Not mentioned. H2012; I NF
Bowling Green 39.342 -91.195 Shock of an earthquake very sensibly felt in our village and vicinity. The report continued several minutes. TR1/7; IV NA
Brownsville, TN 35.583 -89.250 Our village was thrown into a fearful commotion by the visitation of one of those tremblings of the earth so common in this region. For the space of ten or fifteen seconds the earth rocked violently, causing many of the largest buildings to totter on their foundation, and threatening every moment to topple in ruins. Many buildings were deserted by the frightened inmates, who, with wild and haggard looks rushed simultaneously towards the public square for safety. Our printing office, in which we were at work at the time, was shaken with extreme violence, so much so that, for fear of being buried in its ruins, we fled into the open street, where it was with difficulty we could maintain a standing position. It was accompanied with a roaring noise similar to that caused by many wagons passing over a bridge, and continued for the space of six or seven minutes. The noise came apparently from the north and passed off towards the south, the dying sound resembling the reverberating tones of distant thunder.

We have heard of no serious damage, though many of the buildings in the block on the west side of the Square were cracked and broken, and in one or two instances the tops dislodged and thrown to the ground.
H2012; VI VII
Burlington, IA 40.808 -91.113 The shock of an earthquake was sensibly felt in this place on a Wednesday evening, the 4th instant, at about 5 minutes before nine o'clock. Several buildings were perceptibly affected by the shock, and in some parts of the city loose articles were moved four inches from their place. Some of our citizens were considerably alarmed, but no injury was done. H2012; IV-V V
Carthage, MO 37.183 -94.317 Felt. CD2/4 F
Cassville, GA 34.250 -84.850 A considerable shock of an earthquake was felt in Cassville, on Wednesday night last, at about 9 o'clock. It commenced with a heavy trembling motion and then ceased, by rocking a few times east and west. SR-1-11; IV NA
Charleston, SC 32.800 -79.967 A light shock of an earthquake was felt in the Eastern part of (the) city. Two distinct shocks felt; they were slight. H2012; NYT1/13; II III
Chillicothe, OH 39.333 -82.967 Felt. H2012; F F
Cincinnati, OH 39.100 -84.530 The shock of an earthquake was felt in this city, last night, a few minutes after nine o'clock, which shook the furniture of our house, and made the walls to tremble. No noise was perceptible. H2012; IV IV-V
Clinton, KY 36.650 -88.983 We have seen persons from all portions of our surrounding country, from Moscow, Clinton, Dresden, Troy, Paris, Huntingdon, Trenton, and Dyersburg, at all of which places the shock was sensibly felt. H2012; SF F
Clinton, TN 36.117 -84.133 Felt. H2012; SF F
Columbia, SC 33.990 -81.010 Slight shock felt, many students left college buildings. No damage done. NYT1/13; III V
Columbia, MO 38.967 -92.333 An earthquake was very perceptibly felt at this place. We have heard a number of persons concur in a statement of the fact — leaving no doubt about its being a fact. H2012; III-IV IV
Columbia, TN 35.617 -87.033 Felt very sensibly in our town. H2012; III-IV IV
Columbia, SC 34.000 -81.035 Felt. H2012; F IV-V
Columbus, GA 32.467 -84.983 The shock of an Earthquake was felt in this city. In one or two houses of which we have heard, the tremor of the buildings was so severe as to alarm the inmates. The vibrations succeeding the first sensible shock, continued perhaps half a minute. H2012; IV IV
Columbus, MS 33.500 -88.450 Two very sensible shocks of Earthquake were felt throughout this section of the country as far distant as we have had any information. They commenced about nine o'clock and continued several seconds each, with a brief interval. H2012; III IV
Columbus, OH 39.933 -83.000 The Earthquake noticed in our last seems to have been felt generally throughout the entire West, viz.: Cincinnati, Columbus, Louisville, Nashville, Memphis. H2012; F F
Covington, KY 39.083 -84.533 (Misassigned from Convington, TN?) H2012 VII
Covington, TN 35.533 -89.667 At Holly Springs in Kentucky and Covington it was severe. “Several chimney tops were shook down in Covington.” H2012; VII VII
Dresden, TN 36.283 -88.700 Strongly felt. H2012; SF F
Dyersburg, TN 36.033 -89.350 We have seen persons from all portions of our surrounding country, from Moscow, Clinton, Dresden, Troy, Paris, Huntingdon, Trenton, and Dyersburg, at all of which places the shock was sensibly felt. H2012; SF F
Fayette, MO 39.146 -92.684 Felt by a number of citizens, less severe than in St. Louis. BLT1/14; III NA
Florence, AL 34.800 -87.677 The Shock of an Earthquake was sensibly felt throughout our town. We were sitting by the fire in company with two or three friends when suddenly the walls of the building began to tremble as though their foundation were giving way — without all was unusually calm and still. The shock, we think, lasted about one minute. “No material damage except falling bricks from 1–2 old chimneys.” KP1/16; IV IV
Frankfort, KY 38.183 -84.917 V
Franklin, TN 35.917 -86.867 Felt. F
Gallatin, MO 39.900 -93.950 Shook doors and windows, rumbling heard. KP1/16; IV F
Gallatin, TN 36.367 -86.467 Shook doors and windows, rumbling heard. KP1/16; IV F
Greenville, SC 34.853 -82.394 Shock of an earthquake sensibly felt. Approach preceded by rumbling sound, similar to distant thunder, which came from the South-west. The shaking lasted some 15 or 20 seconds, and was of sufficient force to cause considerable agitation of crockery and glassware. SP1/17; IV NA
Griffin, GA 33.250 -84.283 We had a small sample of an earthquake in this section on Wednesday night last and Thursday morning, one about nine o'clock and the other between 3 and 4 in the morning. So say the others, we did not notice them, and think that they were no great shakes for an earthquake. SR1/11; II III
Hamburg, SC 33.480 -81.958 (See Augusta, GA.) H2012; II III
Hamilton, OH 39.400 -84.600 Many citizens observed it, windows rattled. H2012; IV IV
Helena, AR 34.529 -90.591 Some of the citizens of “were frightened out of a year's growth” by the earthquake on the 4th inst. Some chimneys were thrown down, and the shock would appear to have been severer above Helena than in any place yet heard from. H2012; VI-VII VII
Herculaneum, MO 38.267 -90.383 A very considerable earthquake took place at 9 o'clock in the night. No damage in the neighborhood. H2012; IV V
Hernando, MS 34.833 -90.000 In our town, on Wednesday evening last, a few minutes before 9 o'clock, a very large meteor, or comet, was seen to illuminate the West, which disappeared in a few minutes — this was succeeded by most severe rocking and quaking of the earth, which has happened within the experience of our oldest citizens. The shaking of the earth was sufficiently hard to make it difficult to stand still. Horses were “brought upstanding,” in which position they remained despite the exertions of their houses to the contrary, until the quaking had ceased. The citizens poured out of their houses, believing they would “tumble in,” and amid the alarm cry of the women, and the screams of children, was heard the stentorian sound of Miller! Miller! Miller. H2012; IV-V V
Hillsboro, OH 39.183 -83.620 Not reported. H2012; I N
Holly Springs, MS 34.783 -89.383 The severest earthquake within the recollection of our oldest citizens, was felt here on last Wednesday night, about 9 o'clock. It lasted one minute, or perhaps longer, and was hard enough to knock a quantity of our type into pi. We heard of several ladies fainting, and many gentlemen were very much frightened. H2012; V V
Huntington, TN 36.000 -88.450 We have seen persons from all portions of our surrounding country, from Moscow, Clinton, Dresden, Troy, Paris, Huntingdon, Trenton, and Dyersburg, at all of which places the shock was sensibly felt. H2012; SF NA
Huntsville, AL 34.730 -86.586 Slight shock felt. H2012; II III
Jackson, TN 35.617 -88.833 A very violent earthquake occurred here on Wednesday last, about half past eight o'clock, lasting some two or three minutes. Several chimneys were thrown down, and a large portion of the ceiling plaster of the court house. We have been informed by an old citizen that he considers the shocks to have been equal to those of 1811, which were so very violent in region of New Madrid. … This is the third shock we have felt this winter. H2012; VI-VII VII
Jackson, MS 32.333 -90.183 The citizens of Vicksburg and Jackson, in Mississippi, were quite frightened on last Wednesday, by the shaking of houses, rattling of windows and breaking of glasses caused by an earthquake. No great harm was done, with the exception of scaring terribly those who believe in the prophecies of Parson Miller. H2012; V IV-V
Jacksonport, AR 35.642 -91.309 We were thrown into great consternation tonight, by the shock of an earthquake. It came from the east, with a roaring noise, and our house rocked to and fro the same as if we had been on rough water. It passed off westwardly — lasting some ten to fifteen seconds. This is the second shock we have been troubled with this fall. We had one about two months ago in the middle of the day. I expect you may have felt the one this evening as it was strong enough to have reached your city. It has knocked some brick off the top of the Steam Mill Chimney. H2012; V VI
Jefferson, MO 38.550 -92.167 Slight shock felt. H2012; II III
Jeffersonville, IN 38.300 -85.917 Since writing the above [about Louisville, Ky.], we have understood that the shock was equally manifest in the neighboring towns of New Albany and Jeffersonville. The wall of the State prison, in the latter place, is said to be cracked by it. H2012; VI VI
Jonesboro, TN 36.467 -82.483 Not reported. H2012; I N
Knoxville, TN 35.967 -83.95 Severe shocks of an Earthquake were experienced at … Knoxville, and other towns on this State in the first days of this month. H2012; SF V
Lebanon, OH 39.417 -84.200 Felt. H2012; F F
Lexington, KY 38.033 -84.517 Not mentioned. H2012; I N
Little Rock, AR 34.746 -92.289 A quaking of the earth was very sensibly felt here, attended by the rattling of windows, glasses, and cupboards, and the creaking of our wooden houses. … The shaking of the earth in this instance seemed to indicate a vibratory motion from N.E. to S.W., and continued for about the space of one minute. H2012; IV IV
Livingston, AL 32.584 -88.187 Time noted. PL1/24; F NA
Louisville, KY 38.250 -85.75 It occurred about five or six minutes after nine o'clock, lasting about a minute, and manifesting itself by jostling candle sticks, centre-tables and sideboards: setting broomsticks to prancing … and rocking chairs to galloping. … [We were] wholly unconscious of the … [earthquake] until we were told of it yesterday morning. … We are informed that a low rumbling noise accompanied the shock. H2012; IV III-V
Macon, GA 32.841 -83.633 Sensible shock felt in this city and vicinity. MWT1/10; III NA
Madison, GA 33.550 -83.50 Sensibly felt by most. Three distinct shocks lasting in all between a half and one minute. SR1/11; III IV
Madison, IN 38.736 -85.380 Experienced with such violence that the windows of the houses shook as though struck by a heavy gale of wind. PL1/13; IV NA
Marietta, OH 39.400 -81.500 On the Ohio river it was felt as high as Marietta. WD2/21; F F
Maysville, KY 38.633 -83.776 Felt H2012; F F
McMinnville, TN 35.688 -85.776 Severe shock of an earthquake felt by citizens of this place; “Threw turkeys and chickens from the roost.” H2012; SF V
Memphis, TN 35.117 -90.083 It was preceded and accompanied with a rumbling sound, as of rumbling thunder. Opinions are various as to that period of duration — some supposing half a minute, and some as much as two minutes — but all agree that it was a rather alarming affair, and by far the severest since 1811. But little damage has been done to buildings. The coping of some chimneys has been removed, and we have heard of the prostration of a cotton shed. H2012; VI VI-VII
Mills Point, KY 36.550 -89.167 That Earthquake — The rumor is, as brought by the Chieftain, that at Mill's Point, Ky., dishes, clocks, and chimneys and weak walls were thrown down. Another rumor says that some portions of the earth was sunk at New Madrid. NYT1/16; VII VII
Miss. River 1 Above Memphis Below New Madrid reported as more severe than any shock since 1811. H2012; F V
Miss River 2 Below Memphis It was not felt below (Memphis) on the river. H2012; NF N
Montgomery County, TN 36.600 -87.200 Felt. H2012; F F
Moscow, TN 35.067 -89.400 We have seen persons from all portions of our surrounding country, from Moscow, Clinton, Dresden, Troy, Paris, Huntingdon, Trenton, and Dyersburg, at all of which places the shock was sensibly felt. H2012; SF F
Murfreesboro, TN 35.850 -86.400 Felt. CD2/4; SF F
Nashville, TN 36.166 -86.784 There was a very evident shaking or trembling of the earth at Nashville and vicinity on Wednesday night about nine o'clock. The rumbling noise that accompanied the shock was not unlike that of distant thunder. For a few moments the earth seemed to be rocking to and fro like a ship at sea, and the shaking which followed for one minute subsided in a quick and continuous tremor. On stepping out of the house as the effect passed off, there seemed to be a noise like the serf [sic] on the sea-shore away in the direction of the river, and we have no doubt it was the effect of the shock upon the waters of the Cumberland. We cannot be mistaken in this, for we did not meet a person yesterday who entertained a doubt if its being a genuine earthquake. A chimney and some outbuildings were damaged. H2012; V IV-VII
Natchez, MS 31.533 -91.400 Felt slightly. H2012; II III
Nauvoo, IL 40.550 -91.383 Not reported. H2012; I N
New Albany, IN 38.300 -85.833 Since writing the above [about Louisville, Ky., newspaper's location], we have understood that the shock was equally manifest in the neighboring towns of New Albany and Jeffersonville. F
New Lisbon, OH 40.967 -80.817 No reports. H2012; I N
New Madrid, MO 36.567 -89.533 The earth sank in several places. H2012; VII
New Orleans, LA 29.954 -90.075 Not felt. H2012; I N
Ottawa, IL 41.350 -88.833 No reports. H2012; I N
Paris, KY 38.204 -84.239 No reports. H2012 N
Paris, TN 36.283 -88.333 We have seen persons from all portions of our surrounding country, from Moscow, Clinton, Dresden, Troy, Paris, Huntingdon, Trenton, and Dyersburg, at all of which places the shock was sensibly felt. H2012; SF F
Pendleton, SC 34.633 -82.783 The Charleston, Augusta, Pendleton, and Anderson papers notice that the shock was felt about the same time at their respective places. H2012; F IV
Peoria, IL 40.683 -89.617 Felt by a few. H2012; II III
Pickensville, AL 33.227 -88.266 Time noted. PL/1/24; F NA
Platte City, MO 39.370 -94.782 A slight earthquake. APC; II NA
Pontiac, MI 42.667 -83.30 (Missasigned from Pontotoc) VI
Pontotoc, MS 34.250 -89.017 Town was visited by a severe shock of an earthquake. Seated by our fireside at home, and unaccustomed to such occurrences, we were of course unprepared for the shock, and could scarcely realize it for several seconds after that peculiar rumbling noise which accompanies an earthquake, and the rocking of the house had commenced. There were evidently two distinct shocks. The first was the most severe, and continued some forty or fifty seconds, when an intermission of two or three seconds ensued, and then followed another, not severe enough to rock the house, but jarring it very sensibly, causing the windows to rattle. Some idea may be formed of the severity of the shock, when we state that several bricks from the top of our court house chimneys were shaken down. The earthquake seemed to come from the north-west, the rumbling having been heard chiefly in that quarter. H2012; VI VI
Portland, KY 38.269 -85.811 A house, situated on the bank of the river at Portland, was separated from the chimney and the floor from the hearth several inches. H2012; VI VI
Prairie Bluff (IL?) 39.877 -90.936 Time noted. PL1/24; F NA
Providence, RI 41.833 -71.417 Felt? H2012; F F
Pulaski, TN 35.200 -87.050 It [sic] effects in Pulaski were somewhat singular, and go far to confirm our theory of the moral results of earthquakes. “Having been the first,” says the 'Courier' that many of the citizens ever witnessed, they were considerably alarmed, and left their houses for fear their houses would tumble upon them.” First impressions of terror always create feelings of alarm and a desire to do better, so we consequently find published in the same paper of the same date, a list of no less than twenty-six couple [sic], who, heart stricken, no doubt, at their sins of omission in not fulfilling the scriptures by marrying, straightway went and “did the thing they ought to do” as it is written in the good book. We subjoin the list, that there may be no lingering doubt left on the minds of skeptics and heretics who ought to have wives, but but [sic] willfully and obstinately refuse to woo and win them. Beware ye ugly bachelor and pretty spinster sinners, lest a heart quake, worse than any earthquake you have yet felt come upon you, and ye find none to comfort or bear the burden of singly wretchedness with you. H2012; IV V
Quincy, IL 39.917 -91.400 The shock of an earthquake was very sensibly felt in this city. Many houses rocked so much that the inmates left them. There was a concert in the court house, and the shock was so perceptible that the audience was much alarmed, and many left the building. This is the first thing of the kind ever felt in this place. H2012; IV V
Richmond, LA 32.388 -91.182 The Compiler, published at Richmond, in this state, says that on the evening of the 4th, evident indications of a distant earthquake were felt at Richmond, and other places in the parish of Madison. H2012; II F
Rome, GA 34.017 -85.033 A distinct shock of an earthquake felt at that place, which lasted about a minute. It shook windows and crockery sensibly, and caused great consternation among the citizens. SR1/11; IV V
St. Augustine, FL 29.894 -81.315 Report of “Earthquake at West,” no mention of felt shaking locally. FH1-/8; I NA
St. Francis River 35.700 -90.200 Land sunk. H2012 NA
St. Louis, MO 38.667 -90.190 A shock of an earthquake — On Wednesday evening, about nine o'clock, the citizens of St. Louis were thrown late considerable trepidation by a shock of an earthquake. The shock was nearly a minute in duration, and so severe as to make the timbers in some houses crack, and generally the glass and sash of the windows and glasses upon side-boards, gingle [sic] and rattle and the chairs and tables to rock and shake — Persons who were in third and fourth stories felt it most sensibly, and in many instances fled from their rooms; it was, however, generally felt by persons in either apartments. It was accompanied by a rumbling noise, like the rolling of a heavy carriage over the pavements. We have various statements as to the direction of the vibrations, but those in the best position in observe and coolest at the time, say it was from west to east. It was the severest shock felt in this city for several years, and is the second felt within about three months. “Part of the chimney of the session house of the first Presbyterian Church [illegible line] rubbish, sliding from a neighboring roof, was driven through a window into the room.” H2012; V IV-VI
Savannah, GA 32.067 -81.117 Slight, not noticed by most (?). H2012; I-II III
Shawneetown, IL 37.700 -88.133 The severest shake that has occurred in this place, within our recollection was felt on Wednesday night at 10 minutes past 9 o'clock. There was more ground and lofty [?] tumbling than has been seen for some time. H2012; IV V
Selma, AL 32.407 -87.021 (See Tuskegee, AL.) MWT1/17; F NA
Shelbyton, MO Felt. H2012 F
Sommerville, TN 35.233 -89.367 Quite a severe shock of an earthquake, which lasted fully two minutes, was experienced by our citizens. In fact, so great was the agitation and commotion of the earth, that many of our citizens who occupied brick buildings ran out of them, fearing that they would be shaken down by the shock. So it was with us. The brick building which we occupy as our Printing Office, was in such a quiver, with the plastering falling off, that we left it under the full belief that it would be shaken down. It is the opinion of many that had the shock lasted two minutes longer, or even a minute, many of our brick buildings would have fallen down. Connected with the shock was a rumbling noise, which seemed to have died away in the far west. The noise was heard by several of our citizens some few minutes before they felt the shock. MWT1/17; V-VI V-VI
Sparta, KY 38.683 -84.900 Severe. H2012; SF V
Sparta, TN 35.917 -85.450 Severe. H2012; SF V
Sparta, MO 37.000 -93.083 Felt. H2012; F F
Springfield, OH 39.933 -83.800 Not reported. H2012; I N
Tallahassee, FL 30.438 -84.281 Accounts from other locations of 8 Feb. 1843 Lesser Antilles earthquake, no mention of shaking felt locally through Jan–Feb. SF; I N
Terra Haute, IN 39.467 -87.417 Felt. H2012; F VI
Trenton, MO 40.067 -93.617 Felt. H2012; F F
Trenton, TN 35.967 -88.950 Felt. CD2/4; F F
Troy, TN 36.333 -89.167 Felt. H2012; F F
Tuscaloosa, AL 33.200 -87.550 Three very violent shocks experienced during which, it is said, the houses seemed to reel. They lasted ten minutes and produced much alarm. CD2/4; IV-V IV
Tuskegee, AL 32.424 -85.692 Sensibly felt by some of our citizens, and we learn from the Selma Free Press that the same shock was also experienced in that place. MWT1/17; III NA
Van Buren, AR 35.437 -94.348 Several separate and distinct shocks felt. H2012; III IV
Vevay, IN 38.748 -85.067 Quite a several shock was felt in this place. It continued about a minute, during which time it shook the houses so as to make the stoves and windows rattle, and many persons became very much alarmed. A person who was writing at the time told us that it made his hand shake so much that he could not hold the pen the paper. TE2/1; IV NA
Vicksburg, MS 32.350 -90.850 The citizens of Vicksburg and Jackson, in Mississippi, were quite frightened on last Wednesday, by the shaking of houses, rattling of windows and breaking of glasses caused by an earthquake. H2012; V V
Vincennes, IN 38.700 -87.500 Threw down bottles and dry goods from shelves. H2012; V IV-V
Washington, GA 33.717 -82.767 A shock of an earthquake was felt by many persons in this town. It was sufficient to alarm several persons, though not to damage any crockery, the highest achievement of earthquakes in this country. SR1/11; III IV
Yazoo City, MS 32.850 -90.433 A shock of an earthquake was very sensibly felt for a minute. The furniture of the houses was shaken about and displaced, and the citizens retired precipitately from their dwellings, and collected in alarm in the streets. H2012; V VI
Zanesville, OH 39.933 -82.033 Slight shock felt by several persons; it was felt, as represented, less than at Cincinnati. JR1/25; II III

*Intensity values from earlier studies, as described by Bakun et al. (2002).

References

APC: Annals of Platte County, MO, William M. Paxton, 1897.

BLT1/14: Boon's Lick Times, Fayette, MO.

CD2/4: Columbia Democrat, Bloomsburg, PA, 4 February 1843.

FH1/18: Florida Herald, St. Augustine, FL, 18 January 1843.

H2012: Margaret Hopper, written communication, 2012.

JR1/25: Jefferson Republican, Stroudsburg, PA, 25 January 1843.

KP1/16: Knoxville Post, Knoxville, TN, 16 January 1843.

MWT1/10: Macon Weekly Telegraph, Macon, GA, 10 January 1843.

MWT1/17: Macon Weekly Telegraph, Macon, GA, 17 January 1843.

NYT1/13: New York Tribune, New York, NY, 13 January 1843.

NYT1/16: New York Tribune, New York, NY, 16 January 1843.

PL1/13: Public Ledger, Philadelphia, PA, 13 January 1843.

PL1/24: Public Ledger, Philadelphia, PA, 24 January 1843.

SF: Star of Florida, Tallahasse, FL.

SR1/11: Savannah Republican, 11 January 1843.

SP1/17: Southern Patriot, Charleston, SC, 17 January 1843.

TE2/1: The Experiment, Norwalk, OH, 1 February 1843.

TR1/7: The Radical, Bowling Green, MO, 7 January 1843.

WD2/21: Wisconsin Democrat, Madison, WI, 21 February 1843.

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