In this supplement we present four additional examples demonstrating that the inspected iron anchors were in fact installed after the 1927 Jericho earthquake in order to strengthen damaged structures. Consequently, they could serve as damage indicators and assist in accurate portrayal of the damage distribution.
Figure S1. Eastern wall of the Alexander building, Christ Church complex: (A) two massive iron rails facing east (April 2011); (B) a part of an aerial photograph by Bruno Hentschel taken in 1898 from the tower of the Church of the Redeemer (source: Hentschel, B., Panoramic view, Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem, Leipzig: Yeri Rimon collection, 1898 B. VIII). No anchor is evident (their expected locations are marked by a yellow arrows); (C) back yard of the Alexander building, late 30's (source: Anonymous, Christ Church: back yard of the Alexander building, Jerusalem: Conrad Schick Library, 1930-1940).
Figure S2. Massive iron rails, above a building at the Avtimus and Patriarch corner: (A) from the top of the Church of the Redeemer (August 2011); (A1) old photograph from 1898 (source: Hentschel, B., Panoramic view, Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem, Leipzig: Yeri Rimon collection, 1898 B. VIII). The building wall is anchor free; (A2) air photo from 1931 (source: American Colony Photograph Department, Jerusalem from the air (Old City), Jerusalem: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, 1931 LC-DIG-matpc-22147). The rails are marked by red arrows; (B) from the Petra Hotel roof (April 2011); (B1) dated between 1898-1914 (source: American Colony Photograph Department, Hezekiah Pool, Jerusalem, Jerusalem: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, 1898-1914 LC-DIG-matpc-06560). Neither anchor nor repairs evident in the Catholicon of the church of the Holy Sepulchre (yellow arrow); (B2) originally dated incorrectly to 1900-1920 (source: American Colony Photograph Department, Hezekiah Pool, Jerusalem, Jerusalem: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, 1900-1920 LC-DIG-matpc-00860): The repairs of the Holy Sepulchre are observed as well as the anchor (noted by ed arrow).
Figure S3. 74 Patriarch Street: (A) contemporary photo taken from the Hotel Petra roof showing three massive iron rails (April 2011); (A1) dated to 1898 (source: Hentschel, B., Panoramic view, Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem, Leipzig: Yeri Rimon collection, 1898 B. VIII). No anchor is seen in the upper southwest corner. Notice that there are no repairs in the church of the Holy Sepulchre; (A2) air photo from 19311931 (source: American Colony Photograph Department, Jerusalem from the air (Old City), Jerusalem: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, 1931 LC-DIG-matpc-22147); (B) the western wall of the building (April 2011). The inspected anchor is marked by red arrow. (B1) an equivalent photo to A1 taken at the end of the 19th century (source: American Colony Photograph Department, Hezekiah Pool, Jerusalem, Jerusalem: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, 1898-1914 LC-DIG-matpc-06560). From this view, one could observe two anchors that were installed prior the earthquake as noted by Michaeli (1928); (B2) dated 1900-1920 (source: American Colony Photograph Department, Hezekiah Pool, Jerusalem, Jerusalem: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, 1900-1920 LC-DIG-matpc-00860). However, the reflected repairs of the Holy Sepulchre imply that the photo was taken after 1927. The inspected anchor appears in the area (noted by red arrow).
Figure S4. Short iron rails at the Swedish Hostel, David (Bazar) Street: (A) photo from April 2011. Rails (red arrow) and tracks of repairs (yellow arrow) appear on the western wall; (B) at the beginning of the 20th century. The wall (red arrow) is anchor free; (C) in 1937: rails and tracks of repairs appear on the wall (source for B and C: Zacharia, S., 2002. Jewish merchants and craftsmen in the Old City of Jerusalem in the past, Jerusalem: Zur-Ott Press).
Michaeli, C. E. (1928). Notes on the Earthquake. Construction and Industry, 11-12, 9-12.
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